The annual net primary productivity of the biosphere is approximately
No formulas involved
Net primary productivity measures biomass production rate
The biosphere produces vast amounts of organic matter
This represents the balance of photosynthesis and respiration
Confusing gross and net productivity; underestimating global biological activity
Think about global scale of biological production
No formulas involved
Net primary productivity measures biomass production rate
The biosphere produces vast amounts of organic matter
This represents the balance of photosynthesis and respiration
Confusing gross and net productivity; underestimating global biological activity
Match the type of adaptation given in List-I with their examples given in List-II; LIST 1: 1. Biochemical adaption, 2. Behavioural adaption, 3. Physiological adaption, 4. Marphological adaption; LIST 2: p. Desert lizards, q. Deep sea fishses, r. Opuntia, s. Kangroo rats... CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION FROM THE FOLLOWING;
No formulas involved
Biochemical adaptations occur at molecular level
Behavioral adaptations involve learned or innate responses
Physiological adaptations affect body functions
Confusing different types of adaptations; assuming all adaptations are physical
Consider how each adaptation type helps survival
No formulas involved
Biochemical adaptations occur at molecular level
Behavioral adaptations involve learned or innate responses
Physiological adaptations affect body functions
Confusing different types of adaptations; assuming all adaptations are physical
The chemical substances which are produced by some microbes which can kill or retard the growth of other microbes are known as
No formulas involved
Antibiotics are natural microbial defense compounds
They specifically target other microorganisms
Other options are different types of therapeutic compounds
Confusing different microbial products; thinking all antimicrobials are antibiotics
Think about the etymology: "anti" (against) + "bios" (life)
No formulas involved
Antibiotics are natural microbial defense compounds
They specifically target other microorganisms
Other options are different types of therapeutic compounds
Confusing different microbial products; thinking all antimicrobials are antibiotics
The natural reservoir of phosphorus is
No formulas involved
Phosphorus is primarily found in rock deposits
Weathering releases phosphorus into soil
Unlike nitrogen, phosphorus has no atmospheric reservoir
Thinking all nutrients have atmospheric reservoirs; confusing different nutrient cycles
Consider the geological origin of phosphorus
No formulas involved
Phosphorus is primarily found in rock deposits
Weathering releases phosphorus into soil
Unlike nitrogen, phosphorus has no atmospheric reservoir
Thinking all nutrients have atmospheric reservoirs; confusing different nutrient cycles
The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is
No formulas involved
Succession begins with microscopic organisms
Gradually larger and more complex plants establish
The sequence reflects increasing habitat modification
Misunderstanding succession order; assuming all successions follow same pattern
Consider how each community changes the environment
No formulas involved
Succession begins with microscopic organisms
Gradually larger and more complex plants establish
The sequence reflects increasing habitat modification
Misunderstanding succession order; assuming all successions follow same pattern
Which of these enzymes is required to cleave a plasmid?
No formulas involved
Endonucleases cut DNA at specific internal sequences
This creates precise cuts needed for gene insertion
Other enzymes have different roles in DNA manipulation
Confusing different DNA-modifying enzymes; mixing up cutting and joining functions
Think about the meaning of "endo" (internal) versus "exo" (external)
No formulas involved
Endonucleases cut DNA at specific internal sequences
This creates precise cuts needed for gene insertion
Other enzymes have different roles in DNA manipulation
Confusing different DNA-modifying enzymes; mixing up cutting and joining functions
Select the correct statement from the following
No formulas involved
Activated sludge contains diverse aerobic bacteria
These bacteria break down organic waste
Other statements contain errors about anaerobic processes
Misunderstanding aerobic vs anaerobic processes; confusing biogas composition
Consider oxygen requirements for different processes
No formulas involved
Activated sludge contains diverse aerobic bacteria
These bacteria break down organic waste
Other statements contain errors about anaerobic processes
Misunderstanding aerobic vs anaerobic processes; confusing biogas composition
Match the nutrients given in List-I with the source in List-II; LIST 1: 1.Vitamin A, 2. Single cell protein, 3. Vitamin C, 4. Protein; LIST 2: p. Bitter ground, q. Beas, r. Carrots, s. Spirulina spp... CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION FROM THE FOLLOWING;
No formulas involved
Vitamin A is abundant in carrots (beta-carotene)
Spirulina is a rich source of single-cell protein
Bitter gourd provides Vitamin C
Confusing nutrient sources; assuming all orange foods have Vitamin A
Connect nutrients to their natural sources
No formulas involved
Vitamin A is abundant in carrots (beta-carotene)
Spirulina is a rich source of single-cell protein
Bitter gourd provides Vitamin C
Confusing nutrient sources; assuming all orange foods have Vitamin A
Identify the bacterial disease among the following
No formulas involved
Black rot of crucifers is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris
Brown rust and late blight are fungal diseases
Tobacco mosaic is a viral disease
Mixing up plant pathogens; assuming similar symptoms mean similar causes
Focus on the causative organism's characteristics
No formulas involved
Black rot of crucifers is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris
Brown rust and late blight are fungal diseases
Tobacco mosaic is a viral disease
Mixing up plant pathogens; assuming similar symptoms mean similar causes
Genome of HIV replicates in the macrophages with the help of an enzyme called
No formulas involved
HIV is an RNA virus
Reverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA
This enables viral genome integration
Misunderstanding viral replication steps
Consider unique features of retrovirus replication
No formulas involved
HIV is an RNA virus
Reverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA
This enables viral genome integration
Misunderstanding viral replication steps
Mule is the result of
No formulas involved
A mule results from crossing a female horse (Equus caballus) with a male donkey (Equus asinus)
This cross involves two different species within the same genus
The offspring is typically sterile due to chromosome incompatibility
Confusing different breeding methods; thinking all hybrids are fertile
Consider the taxonomic relationship between parent species
No formulas involved
A mule results from crossing a female horse (Equus caballus) with a male donkey (Equus asinus)
This cross involves two different species within the same genus
The offspring is typically sterile due to chromosome incompatibility
Confusing different breeding methods; thinking all hybrids are fertile
Most ape - like ancestral primate was
No formulas involved
Dryopithecus showed primitive ape features
It lived during the Miocene epoch
Had less specialized characteristics than later primates
Confusing primate evolutionary sequence
Consider evolutionary timeline and features
No formulas involved
Dryopithecus showed primitive ape features
It lived during the Miocene epoch
Had less specialized characteristics than later primates
Confusing primate evolutionary sequence
Read the following statements: Statement I: Morphine is obtained by acetylation of Heroin. Statement II: Cannabinoids are known for their effect on cardiovascular system
No formulas involved
Heroin is derived from morphine, not vice versa
Cannabinoids do affect cardiovascular system
Statement I reverses the chemical relationship
Confusing drug relationships
Consider drug synthesis pathways and effects
No formulas involved
Heroin is derived from morphine, not vice versa
Cannabinoids do affect cardiovascular system
Statement I reverses the chemical relationship
Confusing drug relationships
The principle of vaccination is based on which property of immune system?
No formulas involved
Immune system retains memory of pathogens
Memory cells provide long-term protection
This enables rapid response to repeat exposure
Confusing different immune properties
Think about long-term disease resistance
No formulas involved
Immune system retains memory of pathogens
Memory cells provide long-term protection
This enables rapid response to repeat exposure
Confusing different immune properties
Stanley Miller simulated the conditions of pre β biotic earth using spark β discharge apparatus. Which organic compounds were observed by him on analysing the end product of his experiment?
No formulas involved
Miller recreated primitive Earth conditions
Electrical discharge simulated lightning
Amino acids formed spontaneously from simple molecules
Misinterpreting experimental results
Consider basic building blocks of life
No formulas involved
Miller recreated primitive Earth conditions
Electrical discharge simulated lightning
Amino acids formed spontaneously from simple molecules
Misinterpreting experimental results
Test cross in pea plant is
No formulas involved
Test cross determines unknown genotype
Crossing with recessive parent reveals hidden alleles
Results show if organism is homozygous or heterozygous
Misunderstanding purpose of test cross
Think about how to reveal hidden recessive alleles
No formulas involved
Test cross determines unknown genotype
Crossing with recessive parent reveals hidden alleles
Results show if organism is homozygous or heterozygous
Misunderstanding purpose of test cross
In a dihybrid cross between a true breeding round yellow seeded and true breeding wrinkled green seeded pea plant, the ratio of segregation of round and wrinkled seed traits in F2 is
No formulas involved
Consider segregation of each trait independently
Round vs wrinkled follows Mendelian ratio
Color segregation doesn't affect shape ratio
Mixing independent and linked inheritance
Focus on one trait's inheritance pattern
No formulas involved
Consider segregation of each trait independently
Round vs wrinkled follows Mendelian ratio
Color segregation doesn't affect shape ratio
Mixing independent and linked inheritance
Find the incorrect statement among the following
No formulas involved
Down syndrome typically causes intellectual disability
Statement contradicts known characteristics
Other statements accurately describe conditions
Misunderstanding genetic disorders
Look for contradictions with established medical knowledge
No formulas involved
Down syndrome typically causes intellectual disability
Statement contradicts known characteristics
Other statements accurately describe conditions
Misunderstanding genetic disorders
The process in which a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision, is called
No formulas involved
Vasectomy is a surgical contraceptive method for males
It involves interrupting the path of sperm transport
This prevents sperm from reaching the ejaculatory duct while maintaining hormone function
Confusing different contraceptive procedures
Consider the anatomy of male reproductive system and surgical accessibility
No formulas involved
Vasectomy is a surgical contraceptive method for males
It involves interrupting the path of sperm transport
This prevents sperm from reaching the ejaculatory duct while maintaining hormone function
Confusing different contraceptive procedures
The genotype ratio of incomplete dominance is
No formulas involved
Incomplete dominance shows blending of traits
Heterozygotes show intermediate phenotype
Ratio reflects all possible genotype combinations
Confusing dominance patterns
Consider how alleles interact when neither is dominant
No formulas involved
Incomplete dominance shows blending of traits
Heterozygotes show intermediate phenotype
Ratio reflects all possible genotype combinations
Confusing dominance patterns
In human females, the endometrium of uterus consists of
No formulas involved
Endometrium is the inner lining of uterus
It contains glands for nutrition and implantation
The layer responds to hormonal changes
Mixing up different uterine layers
Consider the function of uterine lining
No formulas involved
Endometrium is the inner lining of uterus
It contains glands for nutrition and implantation
The layer responds to hormonal changes
Mixing up different uterine layers
The Government of India legalised MTP with some strict regulations in the year
No formulas involved
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in 1971
It provided legal framework for safe abortions
The act has been amended several times since
Confusing with other healthcare legislation
Remember this as a significant social legislation
No formulas involved
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in 1971
It provided legal framework for safe abortions
The act has been amended several times since
Confusing with other healthcare legislation
If two primary spermatocytes and two primary oocytes undergo meiosis simultaneously, what will be the ratio of spermatozoa and ova produced at the end of the gametogenesis?
No formulas involved
Each primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatozoa
Each primary oocyte produces 1 ovum
Compare total outputs from equal starting cells
Forgetting unequal meiotic products
Consider the efficiency of male vs female gamete production
No formulas involved
Each primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatozoa
Each primary oocyte produces 1 ovum
Compare total outputs from equal starting cells
Forgetting unequal meiotic products
Match the content of List I with List II: List I: 1. Polyembryony 2. Perisperm 3. False fruit 4. Parthenocarpy List II: p. Black pepper q. Banana r. Lemon s. Apple
No formulas involved
Citrus shows polyembryony - multiple embryos from one seed
Black pepper has persistent nuclear tissue (perisperm)
Apple develops from floral parts beyond ovary
Confusing different fruit development patterns
Consider the developmental origin of each structure
No formulas involved
Citrus shows polyembryony - multiple embryos from one seed
Black pepper has persistent nuclear tissue (perisperm)
Apple develops from floral parts beyond ovary
Confusing different fruit development patterns
Which of the following hormones is not secreted by human placenta?
No formulas involved
Placenta produces multiple hormones for pregnancy maintenance
LH is produced by pituitary, not placenta
Other listed hormones are placental products
Confusing sources of different hormones
Think about the source of reproductive hormones
No formulas involved
Placenta produces multiple hormones for pregnancy maintenance
LH is produced by pituitary, not placenta
Other listed hormones are placental products
Confusing sources of different hormones
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant, is called
No formulas involved
Different types of pollination exist based on pollen source
Geitonogamy involves pollen transfer between flowers on same plant
This differs from self-pollination within same flower
Confusing different types of pollination
Think about the relationship between pollen source and recipient
No formulas involved
Different types of pollination exist based on pollen source
Geitonogamy involves pollen transfer between flowers on same plant
This differs from self-pollination within same flower
Confusing different types of pollination
The role of Filiform apparatus in synergids is to
No formulas involved
Synergids are cells adjacent to the egg cell
The filiform apparatus is a specialized structure
It produces chemical signals that guide pollen tube growth
Misunderstanding female gametophyte structure
Focus on the process of fertilization in flowering plants
No formulas involved
Synergids are cells adjacent to the egg cell
The filiform apparatus is a specialized structure
It produces chemical signals that guide pollen tube growth
Misunderstanding female gametophyte structure
When male and female gametes are morphologically distinct, the condition is known as
No formulas involved
Gamete differentiation is a key feature of sexual reproduction
Heterogametes differ in size and mobility
This difference enables specialized reproductive roles
Confusing gamete types with organism types
Consider the meaning of "hetero" versus "homo"
No formulas involved
Gamete differentiation is a key feature of sexual reproduction
Heterogametes differ in size and mobility
This difference enables specialized reproductive roles
Confusing gamete types with organism types
Match the parts of the brain given in List I with their functions given in List II: List I (Parts of brain): 1. Medulla oblongata 2. Hypothalamus 3. Cerebral cortex 4. Limbic system List II (Functions): p. Body temperature q. Olfaction r. Respiration s. Motor function... CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION FROM THE FOLLOWING:
No formulas involved
Medulla oblongata controls vital functions including respiration
Hypothalamus regulates body temperature and homeostasis
Cerebral cortex controls motor functions while limbic system processes olfaction and emotions
Confusing functions of different brain regions
Consider the evolutionary development of brain regions and their functions
No formulas involved
Medulla oblongata controls vital functions including respiration
Hypothalamus regulates body temperature and homeostasis
Cerebral cortex controls motor functions while limbic system processes olfaction and emotions
Confusing functions of different brain regions
Hydra reproduces asexually by producing
No formulas involved
Hydra can reproduce both sexually and asexually
Budding involves outgrowth from parent body
The bud develops into a complete individual
Mixing up reproductive methods of different organisms
Think about the simplest form of multicellular reproduction
No formulas involved
Hydra can reproduce both sexually and asexually
Budding involves outgrowth from parent body
The bud develops into a complete individual
Mixing up reproductive methods of different organisms
The functional unit of contraction is a
No formulas involved
The sarcomere is bounded by Z-lines
It contains all proteins needed for contraction
This unit repeats to form myofibrils
Confusing different muscle bands
Visualize sarcomere structure
No formulas involved
The sarcomere is bounded by Z-lines
It contains all proteins needed for contraction
This unit repeats to form myofibrils
Confusing different muscle bands
The typical 'lub-dub' sounds heard during heartbeat are produced due to
No formulas involved
First sound (lub) is from AV valve closure
Second sound (dub) is from semilunar valve closure
The sequence matches cardiac cycle events
Misunderstanding heart valve timing
Connect sounds to valve movements
No formulas involved
First sound (lub) is from AV valve closure
Second sound (dub) is from semilunar valve closure
The sequence matches cardiac cycle events
Misunderstanding heart valve timing
The term Uremia refers to
No formulas involved
Uremia occurs when kidneys fail to remove urea
Normal kidney function maintains blood urea levels
High blood urea indicates kidney dysfunction
Confusing different metabolic disorders
Break down the word: Ur (urea) + emia (blood)
No formulas involved
Uremia occurs when kidneys fail to remove urea
Normal kidney function maintains blood urea levels
High blood urea indicates kidney dysfunction
Confusing different metabolic disorders
Auxins : Apical dominance : : Gibberellins : ________
No formulas involved
Gibberellins promote stem elongation
They induce flowering in response to environmental cues
Bolting is rapid stem growth before flowering
Mixing up plant hormone functions
Think about hormone effects on plant development
No formulas involved
Gibberellins promote stem elongation
They induce flowering in response to environmental cues
Bolting is rapid stem growth before flowering
Mixing up plant hormone functions
Match the pigments given in List I with their colour in chromatogram given in List II, LIST 1; 1.Chlorophyll b, 2. Carotenoids, 3. Chlorophyll a, 4. Xanthophylls... LIST 2; p. Yellow orange, q. Orange red, r. Blue green, t. Yellow green... CHOOSE THE CORECT OPTION FROM THE FOLLOWING
No formulas involved
Different pigments have distinct colors and positions in chromatography
The sequence depends on molecular size and polarity
Colors indicate specific chemical structures
Confusing pigment properties
Think about the relationship between structure and color
No formulas involved
Different pigments have distinct colors and positions in chromatography
The sequence depends on molecular size and polarity
Colors indicate specific chemical structures
Confusing pigment properties
Which is the intermediate compound that links the end product of Glycolysis with TCA Cycle?
No formulas involved
Glycolysis produces pyruvate
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle
Confusing metabolic intermediates
Focus on the connecting step between pathways
No formulas involved
Glycolysis produces pyruvate
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle
Confusing metabolic intermediates
The water potential of pure water is
Ξ¨ = Ξ¨s + Ξ¨p
Water potential is a measure of free energy of water
Pure water has the highest water potential
By convention, pure water's potential is set at zero
Confusing pressure and potential
Remember the reference point for water potential
Ξ¨ = Ξ¨s + Ξ¨p
Water potential is a measure of free energy of water
Pure water has the highest water potential
By convention, pure water's potential is set at zero
Confusing pressure and potential
The enzyme Recombinase is required at which stage of Meiosis I?
No formulas involved
Recombinase facilitates crossing over between homologous chromosomes
This process occurs during pachytene stage of prophase I
It's crucial for genetic recombination and diversity
Mixing up stages of prophase I
Consider when DNA exchange happens in meiosis
No formulas involved
Recombinase facilitates crossing over between homologous chromosomes
This process occurs during pachytene stage of prophase I
It's crucial for genetic recombination and diversity
Mixing up stages of prophase I
Exoskeleton of Arthropods is made up of unique complex polysaccharide known as
No formulas involved
Chitin is a modified polysaccharide containing nitrogen
It provides both protection and structural support
It's similar to cellulose but with different chemical groups
Confusing different biological polymers
Think about the properties needed for an external skeleton
No formulas involved
Chitin is a modified polysaccharide containing nitrogen
It provides both protection and structural support
It's similar to cellulose but with different chemical groups
Confusing different biological polymers
Which of the following statements is correct with reference to vacuoles?
No formulas involved
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in cells
They function as storage compartments and maintain cell turgor
The tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) is essential for selective transport
Thinking vacuoles are just empty spaces
Consider the importance of membrane in compartmentalization
No formulas involved
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in cells
They function as storage compartments and maintain cell turgor
The tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) is essential for selective transport
Thinking vacuoles are just empty spaces
Ciliated epithelial cells are present in
No formulas involved
Ciliated cells help move mucus and trapped particles
Bronchioles need this clearing mechanism
This is part of respiratory defense system
Confusing locations of different epithelial types
Consider which organ system needs to clear particles
No formulas involved
Ciliated cells help move mucus and trapped particles
Bronchioles need this clearing mechanism
This is part of respiratory defense system
Confusing locations of different epithelial types
Identify, the phylum which shows the following characteristics: 1. Animals are exclusively marine, radially symmetrical and diploblastic. 2. Body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates which help in locomotion. 3. Digestion is both extracellular and intracellular. 4. Reproduction only by sexual modes.
No formulas involved
Ctenophores are characterized by comb plates
They show radial symmetry and marine habitat
They have both internal and external digestion
Confusing ctenophores with cnidarians
Look for the unique locomotory feature
No formulas involved
Ctenophores are characterized by comb plates
They show radial symmetry and marine habitat
They have both internal and external digestion
Confusing ctenophores with cnidarians
When a flower has both stamens and carpels it is described as
No formulas involved
Presence of both male and female reproductive parts defines bisexual flowers
Stamens are male reproductive structures
Carpels are female reproductive structures
Confusing terms related to plant sexuality
Think about the meaning of "bi" in biological terms
No formulas involved
Presence of both male and female reproductive parts defines bisexual flowers
Stamens are male reproductive structures
Carpels are female reproductive structures
Confusing terms related to plant sexuality
Which of the following exhibits haplodiplontic lifecycle?
No formulas involved
Haplodiplontic lifecycle has both haploid and diploid multicellular phases
Ectocarpus shows alternation of generations
Both phases are independent and morphologically distinct
Confusing different types of life cycles
Think about what "haplo-diplontic" means in terms of life cycles
No formulas involved
Haplodiplontic lifecycle has both haploid and diploid multicellular phases
Ectocarpus shows alternation of generations
Both phases are independent and morphologically distinct
Confusing different types of life cycles
Read the following statements Statement I: All vertebrates develop a row of vestigial gill slits during embryonic stage. Statement II: Embryos always pass through the adult stages of other animals.
No formulas involved
Vertebrate embryos show gill slits during development
This reflects evolutionary history but not adult stages
Statement II incorrectly describes recapitulation theory
Misunderstanding embryonic development patterns
Consider embryological evidence for evolution
No formulas involved
Vertebrate embryos show gill slits during development
This reflects evolutionary history but not adult stages
Statement II incorrectly describes recapitulation theory
Misunderstanding embryonic development patterns
In Structural gene, the template DNA strand has nucleotide sequences 3'-ATGCATGCATGCATGC-5'. Find the correct and complimentary nucleotide sequence on coding strand.
No formulas involved
DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary
Base pairing rules: A=T, Gβ‘C
Consider both complementarity and direction
Forgetting antiparallel nature of DNA
Remember base pairing rules and strand orientation
No formulas involved
DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary
Base pairing rules: A=T, Gβ‘C
Consider both complementarity and direction
Forgetting antiparallel nature of DNA
The mRNA has Untranslated Regions (UTRs)
No formulas involved
mRNA structure includes regions that don't code for proteins
5' UTR precedes the start codon (AUG)
3' UTR follows the stop codon
Thinking entire mRNA sequence codes for protein
Think about regulatory regions in mRNA structure
No formulas involved
mRNA structure includes regions that don't code for proteins
5' UTR precedes the start codon (AUG)
3' UTR follows the stop codon
Thinking entire mRNA sequence codes for protein
Following representations P, Q and R denote few steps of Griffith Experiment. Identify the correct one(s) P. R strain β Inject into mice β Mice die Q. S strain (Heat killed) β Inject into mice β Mice die R. R strain β Inject into mice β Mice live
No formulas involved
R strain refers to rough, non-virulent bacteria
Heat-killed S strain (smooth, virulent) cannot cause death
Live R strain is non-pathogenic and mice survive
Mixing up R and S strain characteristics
Focus on virulence characteristics of different bacterial strains
No formulas involved
R strain refers to rough, non-virulent bacteria
Heat-killed S strain (smooth, virulent) cannot cause death
Live R strain is non-pathogenic and mice survive
Mixing up R and S strain characteristics
In tRNA the region that binds with mRNA is
No formulas involved
tRNA has multiple functional regions with specific roles
The anticodon loop contains three nucleotides complementary to mRNA codon
This complementary base pairing enables correct amino acid positioning
Confusing different functional regions of tRNA
Remember tRNA's role in converting genetic code to protein sequence
No formulas involved
tRNA has multiple functional regions with specific roles
The anticodon loop contains three nucleotides complementary to mRNA codon
This complementary base pairing enables correct amino acid positioning
Confusing different functional regions of tRNA
Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer. List-I: 1) Nitrogen rich fertilizers 2) Carbon dioxide 3) Carbon monoxide 4) CFCs List-II: p) Ozone depletion q) Eutrophication r) Greenhouse effect s) Air pollutant
No formulas involved
Nitrogen fertilizers cause eutrophication by enriching water bodies with nutrients
CO2 is the primary greenhouse gas causing global warming
CO is a toxic air pollutant, while CFCs deplete ozone
Confusing multiple environmental impacts of same substances
Consider the primary environmental impact of each substance
No formulas involved
Nitrogen fertilizers cause eutrophication by enriching water bodies with nutrients
CO2 is the primary greenhouse gas causing global warming
CO is a toxic air pollutant, while CFCs deplete ozone
Confusing multiple environmental impacts of same substances
In the prevention of air pollution, the role of scrubber is to remove
No formulas involved
Scrubbers are designed to remove gaseous pollutants
SO2 is a major air pollutant in gaseous form
The scrubbing process converts gaseous SO2 to liquid form for removal
Confusing different forms of sulfur oxides
Consider the physical state of pollutants being removed
No formulas involved
Scrubbers are designed to remove gaseous pollutants
SO2 is a major air pollutant in gaseous form
The scrubbing process converts gaseous SO2 to liquid form for removal
Confusing different forms of sulfur oxides
Identify the incorrect match with respect to recently extinct animals and their place of extinction according to IUCN Red list
No formulas involved
Steller's Sea Cow was actually found in the North Pacific
The other three matches are correct historical extinctions
Location accuracy is crucial for understanding extinction patterns
Confusing historical ranges of extinct species
Check geographical distribution of marine mammals
No formulas involved
Steller's Sea Cow was actually found in the North Pacific
The other three matches are correct historical extinctions
Location accuracy is crucial for understanding extinction patterns
Confusing historical ranges of extinct species
According to the hypothesis proposed by environmental biologists, a relatively constant environment in tropics promotes
No formulas involved
Tropical environments are relatively stable year-round
Stable conditions allow species to evolve specialized niches
This specialization leads to greater biodiversity
Confusing cause and effect in biodiversity patterns
Think about how environmental stability affects evolution
No formulas involved
Tropical environments are relatively stable year-round
Stable conditions allow species to evolve specialized niches
This specialization leads to greater biodiversity
Confusing cause and effect in biodiversity patterns
A strict protection of biodiversity hotspots could reduce the ongoing mass extinction by almost
No formulas involved
Biodiversity hotspots contain high concentrations of endemic species
Protection of these areas has disproportionate impact on species preservation
Studies show 30% reduction in extinction rates with hotspot protection
Underestimating impact of focused conservation efforts
Consider the concentration of unique species in hotspots
No formulas involved
Biodiversity hotspots contain high concentrations of endemic species
Protection of these areas has disproportionate impact on species preservation
Studies show 30% reduction in extinction rates with hotspot protection
Underestimating impact of focused conservation efforts
DNA polymerase of Thermus aquaticus is
No formulas involved
Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacteria living in hot springs
Its DNA polymerase must function at high temperatures during PCR cycles
The enzyme maintains activity at 95Β°C during DNA denaturation steps
Confusing different types of enzyme stability
Consider the habitat of the source organism and PCR requirements
No formulas involved
Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacteria living in hot springs
Its DNA polymerase must function at high temperatures during PCR cycles
The enzyme maintains activity at 95Β°C during DNA denaturation steps
Confusing different types of enzyme stability
Which of the following based upon the principle of antigen-antibody interaction?
No formulas involved
ELISA uses specific antibody-antigen recognition
This interaction forms the basis for detecting specific proteins
Other techniques listed don't rely on antibody binding
Mixing up different molecular biology techniques
Focus on which technique uses immune system components
No formulas involved
ELISA uses specific antibody-antigen recognition
This interaction forms the basis for detecting specific proteins
Other techniques listed don't rely on antibody binding
Mixing up different molecular biology techniques
Homeostasis is a condition where the organisms
No formulas involved
Homeostasis is a fundamental property of living systems that maintains stability
Internal conditions must remain relatively constant for proper cellular function
External changes are buffered by homeostatic mechanisms to maintain internal stability
Thinking homeostasis means changing with environment
Look for the option that captures both internal stability and external variability
No formulas involved
Homeostasis is a fundamental property of living systems that maintains stability
Internal conditions must remain relatively constant for proper cellular function
External changes are buffered by homeostatic mechanisms to maintain internal stability
Thinking homeostasis means changing with environment
If a recombinant DNA bearing gene for resistance to Ampicillin is transferred into E.coli cells, host cells become transformed into Ampicillin resistant cells. What happens when these E.coli are grown on medium containing Ampicillin?
No formulas involved
Ampicillin kills bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis
Successfully transformed cells contain the resistance gene and can survive
Non-transformed cells lack protection and will be killed by the antibiotic
Confusing selection markers with protein expression
Think about selection pressure and antibiotic resistance mechanisms
No formulas involved
Ampicillin kills bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis
Successfully transformed cells contain the resistance gene and can survive
Non-transformed cells lack protection and will be killed by the antibiotic
Confusing selection markers with protein expression
Which of the following is not a parasitic adaptation?
No formulas involved
Parasitic adaptations enhance survival in a parasitic lifestyle
Adhesive organs are crucial for parasite attachment to hosts
Other options are true parasitic adaptations that reduce unnecessary features or enhance reproduction
Confusing loss of features with lack of specialized structures
Consider which feature would make parasitism more difficult rather than easier
No formulas involved
Parasitic adaptations enhance survival in a parasitic lifestyle
Adhesive organs are crucial for parasite attachment to hosts
Other options are true parasitic adaptations that reduce unnecessary features or enhance reproduction
Confusing loss of features with lack of specialized structures
Which among the following is used to treat Emphysema?
No formulas involved
Emphysema involves progressive destruction of alveolar walls in lungs, reducing elasticity and gas exchange capacity
Alpha-1 antitrypsin normally protects lung tissue from damage by neutralizing destructive enzymes
Human protein Ξ±-antitrypsin replacement directly addresses the underlying deficiency
Confusing protein therapeutics with hormonal treatments
Focus on understanding which molecule type (protein vs hormone) would best replace a missing protein
No formulas involved
Emphysema involves progressive destruction of alveolar walls in lungs, reducing elasticity and gas exchange capacity
Alpha-1 antitrypsin normally protects lung tissue from damage by neutralizing destructive enzymes
Human protein Ξ±-antitrypsin replacement directly addresses the underlying deficiency
Confusing protein therapeutics with hormonal treatments
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