📚 Key Concepts
Electronic Configurations- (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻² for d-block
- 4f¹⁻¹⁴ for lanthanoids
- 5f¹⁻¹⁴ for actinoids
Properties- Variable oxidation states
- Complex formation
- Metallic character
- Magnetic properties
- Catalytic properties
- Color of ions/compounds
🎯 Key Formulas
Key Points & Formulas
- Atomic & Ionic Size
- Lanthanoid contraction
- Actinoid contraction
- Oxidation States
- Common: Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺
- Highest: Mn⁷⁺ (KMnO₄)
- Magnetic Momentμ = √[n(n+2)] BM where n = number of unpaired electrons
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid
Confusing electronic configurationsWrong oxidation state calculationsMixing up complex colorsIncorrect magnetic moment calculationsMisunderstanding lanthanoid contraction effects
📖 Knowledge Prerequisites
Electronic structurePeriodic trendsComplex formationOxidation statesMagnetic properties
💡 Tips for Students
Learn standard electronic configurationsUnderstand variable oxidation statesPractice writing complex ion formulasRemember color patterns of complexesKnow applications of these elements
👉 Practice Recommedations
Write electronic configurationsCalculate magnetic momentsDetermine oxidation statesCompare properties across periodsStudy complex formation patterns
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