Biomolecules

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9
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📚 Key Concepts

  • Carbohydrates
    • Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)
    • Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose)
    • Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose)
    • Configuration (D/L, α/β)
  • Proteins
    • Amino acids
    • Peptide bonds
    • Primary structure
    • Secondary structure
    • Tertiary structure
    • Quaternary structure
  • Enzymes
    • Lock and key model
    • Active sites
    • Specificity
    • Factors affecting activity
  • Nucleic Acids
    • DNA structure
    • RNA structure
    • Base pairing
    • Nucleotides
    • Double helix
  • Vitamins & Hormones
    • Fat soluble (A, D, E, K)
    • Water soluble (B, C)
    • Classification
    • Deficiency diseases

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    🎯 Key Formulas

    Key Reactions & Structures

    • Glucose to ring structure
    • Peptide bond formation
    • Base pairing (A-T, G-C)
    • Glycosidic linkages
    • Denaturation of proteins

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    ⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Confusing D and L configurations
  • Wrong peptide bond formation
  • Misidentifying α and β forms
  • Incorrect base pairing
  • Wrong vitamin classifications
  • Mixing up nucleotide components

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    📖 Knowledge Prerequisites

  • Basic biochemistry
  • Molecular biology fundamentals
  • Organic chemistry principles
  • Cell biology basics

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    💡 Tips for Students

  • Understand molecular interactions
  • Learn functional group roles
  • Practice structural representations

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    👉 Practice Recommedations

  • Draw biomolecule structures
  • Compare molecular characteristics
  • Analyze structure-function relationships
  • Solve molecular mechanism problems

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