📚 Key Concepts
Classification- Primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols
- Monohydric, dihydric, polyhydric alcohols
- Alkyl/aryl ethers
- Phenols vs alcohols
Functional Groups- -OH (hydroxyl)
- -O- (ether linkage)
- Phenolic OH
🎯 Key Formulas
Key Reactions
- Alcohol Reactions
- R-OH + Na → R-ONa + ½H₂
- R-OH + SOCl₂ → R-Cl + SO₂ + HCl
- R-OH + H⁺ → R⁺ + H₂O (dehydration)
- Primary alcohol → aldehyde → carboxylic acid
- Secondary alcohol → ketone
- Phenol Reactions
- Electrophilic substitution
- Kolbe's reaction
- Reimer-Tiemann reaction
- Coupling with diazonium salts
- Acidic character
- Ether Reactions
- Williamson synthesis
- Cleavage with HI
- Formation of peroxides
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid
Confusing alcohol and phenol reactivityWrong order of acidityIncorrect identification of primary/secondary/tertiary alcoholsMisunderstanding ether formation conditionsForgetting resonance in phenol reactions
📖 Knowledge Prerequisites
Basic organic chemistryElectronic effectsReaction mechanismsAcid-base conceptsResonance structures
💡 Tips for Students
Compare acidic strength: phenol > alcoholRemember oxidation patterns of alcoholsLearn mechanism of ether formationUnderstand activating nature of -OH groupPractice resonance structures for phenol
👉 Practice Recommedations
Write mechanisms for key reactionsCompare reactivity of different alcoholsPractice naming complex compoundsSolve conversion problemsIdentify products in multi-step reactions
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